PUBLI : Grégoire Cousin, Federico Bianchi & Tommaso Vitale, « From Roma autochthonous homophily to socialisation and community building in the Parisian metropolitan region shantytowns », Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Mars 2020, p. 1–23

Présentation

Contem­po­rary West Euro­pean shan­ty­towns have essen­tially been studied with quali­ta­tive methods. Ques­tions related to their ethnic struc­ture, homo­phily and inter­ac­tion with local insti­tu­tions have not been analysed through large samples and survey data. Based on the example of Roma­nian and Bulga­rian Roma living in shan­ty­towns in the Pari­sian metro­po­litan area, we analyse the ‘histo­rical’ region of origin (autoch­thony), networks between indi­vi­duals and house­holds having lived toge­ther in a shan­ty­town, as well as some of their atti­tudes, skills, and beha­viour (i.e. expec­ta­tions as to local welfare, French profi­ciency, children’s schoo­ling). We used a data­base of slum-dwel­lers in Paris collected by social workers (N = 12,019). The paper looks at how autoch­tho­nies combine with socia­li­sa­tion in shan­ty­towns and with terri­to­rial insti­tu­tional effects of local poli­cies. Evidence shows that while there are limited diffe­rences in the socio-profes­sional back­grounds of slum-dwel­lers, there are several diffe­rences in atti­tudes, beha­viour and skills. Moreover, social network analysis shows that these diffe­rences are only weakly related to the house­holds’ region of origin (autoch­thony), while they are more corre­lated to emergent struc­tural clus­ters of co-habi­ta­tion connec­tions, where indi­vi­duals socia­lise in acting toge­ther to build and manage a shan­ty­town. Moreover, local poli­cies at the city level play a role in shaping shan­ty­town dwel­lers expec­ta­tions and skills for integration.

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